Abstract

Commercial disputes in the international area are basically settled through arbitration mechanism. In the course of arbitration, as a suitable and reliable authority for resolving commercial disputes, the issue of objections as a form of parties’ defense is introduced. Objections in terms of the impacts they might have on arbitration process could be categorized into the objections with the effect of permanent and temporary impediment (to the proceedings). Although most applicable governing laws on objections are among the supplementary rules and considering them depends on expressing consent by the party or parties in dispute as the case may be, however some of the objections are mandatory provisions and are related to the public policy. Despite the fact that the Iranian Law on International Commercial Arbitration in its part is regarded as a commendable evolution in the international commercial arena, since it has not elucidated the issue of objections and merely has discussed its totality, leads it to encounter a fundamental gap. The study proceed with objections with temporary impediment effect and arbiters decisions by considering parties can what objections proposed and what are their effects in international commercial arbitration.

Keywords: International commercial arbitration, objections, temporary impediment, withdrawal, Jus Cogens , international public order;

  Download Full Text

References:

1. Abolghasem Hakimipour HB. Studying the Impact of Brand Equity, Brand Experience, Brand Satisfaction and Brand Trust on Brand Loyalty (Case: ECCO Customers). Modiriat-e-farda. 2014;12(36):1-10. (link)
2. Ali Mayeli EM, Mohsen Manna. Using Glow-worm algorithm to predict companies financial distress. The Research Journal of the Universidad del Quindio. 2022;34(3):175-85. (link)
3. Alimohammadirokni M, Emadlou A, Yuan J. The Strategic Resources of a Gastronomy Creative City: The Case of San Antonio, Texas. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism. 2021;5(4):237-52. (link)
4. Azar N, E-Vahdati S. Reliable Financial Statements: External Auditing System or Financial Statement Insurance? Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives. 2022;15(1):29-48. (link)
5. Skini,Rabiaa, ” The discretion of governments and government agencies when referring to international arbitration” Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science of Tehran University,no.25.December1990
6. She L, Waheed H, Lim WM, E-Vahdati S. Young adults financial well-being: current insights and future directions. International Journal of Bank Marketing. 2022(ahead-of-print). (link)
7. Sujan MSH, Tasnim R, Islam MS, Ferdous MZ, Haghighathoseini A, Koly KN, et al. Financial hardship and mental health conditions in people with underlying health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Heliyon. 2022:e10499. (link)
8. Skini,Rabiaa,” Conflict of laws in International Commercial Arbitration, Legal Magazine” Tehran: International Legal Services, No. 11, Autumn and Winter, 1989
9. Skini,Rabiaa” Proceedings of the 100th Anniversary of the Establishment of an Arbitration Body in Iranian Law”, Tehran: Legal Studies and Research Institute of the City of Knowledge, First Printing, 2011
10. E-Vahdati S, Wan-Hussin WN, Ling OH. Sustaining the Yellow Heart: responsible business by reducing inequalities at Digi Malaysia. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies. 2022. (link
11. Eftekharjahromi,Goodarz,” International Business Arbitration Workshop” According to Hamidreza Nikbakht, Journal of Legal Research, Tehran: Law School, Shahid Beheshti University, Nos 29 and 30, Spring and Summer 2000
12. Etemadi, Farhad, Iranian and American Court of Arbitration, Tehran: Ganj Danesh, First Printing, 1384
13. Amiri Moezi, Ahmad, International Referee in Commercial Proceedings, Tehran: Judge, Second Edition, 2009
14. Ansari,Ali;Mobin,Hojat,” Transnational Rules in International Commercial Arbitration and its Place in Iranian Law”
15. Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science of Tehran University,no.3.Autumn 2010 .
16. Haghighathoseini A, Bobarshad H, Saghafi F, Zare H. Extracting the Information Technology architecture of hospitals with approach of Implementing in Iran. Journal of Information and Communication Technology. 2019;8(27):37-46. (link)
17. Hamed Bozorgkhou MA. Studying and investigating the impact of marketing mix factors on e-purchase via smart phones (case study: Digikala corporation). Nexo Revista Científica. 2022;35(4):992-1003. (link)
18. Avel Lando, Transnational Commercial Law in International Commercial Arbitration. Translated by: Mohsen Mohebbi, Legal Magazine, Tehran: International Legal Services Office, No.5 Spring1365.
19. Haghighathoseini A, Bobarshad H, Saghafi F, Rezaei MS, Bagherzadeh N. Hospital enterprise architecture framework (study of Iranian university hospital organization). International journal of medical informatics. 2018;114:88-100. (link)
20. Hamed Bozorgkhou RP. The impact of knowledge management on organizational competiveness (case: Saman insurance firm). International review special. 2017:23-41. (link)
21. Aghahossein,Mohsen and Mousavi,Zahra,” The burden of proof of the claimant and his standard in the proceedings of the Iran-United States Arbitration Court "Proceedings of the Conferences of the Independent Years of the Establishment of the Judicial Institute in Iran s Law, Tehran: Legal Studies and Research Institute of the City of Knowledge, First Printing,2011
22. Erfan Mehregan MA. Renewable Energy and its Financial Risks in the Energy Market. Rogene Journal of Science and Technology. 2022;4:146-53. (link)
23. Hamed Bozorgkhou MK, Mohammadrahim Esfidani, Mohammadsaleh Torkestani. Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting Iran s Nation Brand with the consumer s Cognitive behavior approach. Consumer Behavior Studies Journal. 2019;5(2):83-110. (link)
24. Topman,Michael,” Disqualification of arbitrators in international arbitration” Translated by: Mohammad Javad Mirfakhraei, Legal Magazine, Tehran: International Legal Services Office, No 12, Spring and Summer 1990
25. Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jafar, Extensive in the Terminology of Law, Volume One,. Tehran: Ganj Danesh, First Edition, 1999
26. Gaurav Verma KS, Ghazanfari A. The Role of Quantitative Techniques in Business and Management. Journal of Humanities Insights. 2017;1(01):24-7. (link)
27. Soleimanipoor,Mohammad mehdi and Elahi,Mohammad, "Judgment in Islamic jurisprudence" Proceedings of the Conferences of the Independent Years of the Establishment of the Judicial Institute in Iran s Law, Tehran: Legal Studies and Research Institute of the City of Knowledge, First Printing,2011
28. Seifi,Seyed Jamal,” The law of arbitrary international arbitration in Iran is in accordance with the law of the arbitral tribunal” Legal Magazine, Tehran: International Legal Services Office, No.23 Autum and Winter 1998.
29. Sina Aghakhani MV. Recent Advances in Blockchain and Supply Chain Logistics: Rose Publication PTY LTD, Melbourne, Australia; 2022. (link)
30. Salim,Hadi,” Government Contracts and Features of Dual-System Laws” Translated by: Mohsen Mohebbi and Seyyed Moghadad Torabi, Journal of Law and Policy Research,.no.25,Autumn and Winter2008 .
31. Shiravi.Abdolhossein, , International Trade Law, Tehran: Study and Compilation OrganizationHumanities Books of Universities (Position), FirstPrinting,2010
32. Shams, Abdullah, Civic Advancement, Volume One, Tehran: Drake, seventeenthedition,2008
33. Kakavand,Mohammad”vote89 no.36/d/15/89” Quarterly of the Chamber of Referees. Iran, New Period,no.6.summer2011
34. Katouzin, Naser, General Contracts, Volume II, Tehran: Publication Co., Sept.2006,
35. Karimi, Abbas, Civil Procedure Code, Tehran: Majd, First Printing, 2007Mohajeri, Ali, Covered in Civil Procedure, Volume One, Tehran: Farsazan,First Printing, 2008
36. Mohammadi H, Kazemi R, Maghsoudloo H, Mehregan E, Mashayekhi A, editors. System dynamic approach for analyzing cyclic mechanism in land market and their effect on house market fluctuations. Proceedings of the 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, July; 2010. (link)
37. Moein, Mohammad, Farsi Culture, Tehran: Amir Kabir, Fourth Edition,1981
38. Muhammad K, Ghazanfari A. The Effects of Electronic Human Resource Management on Financial Institutes. Journal of Humanities Insights. 2018;2(01):107-11. (link)
39. Nikbakht, Hamid Reza, International Commercial Judgment - Ayyane Davari, Tehran: Institute for Business Studies and Research, First Printing, 2009.
40. Pajooyan J, Mayeli A, Asadollahi M. Dynamic Replication Methods. Recent Advances in Financial Engineering. 1: Rose Publication Pty, Limited; 2022. p. 59-74. (link)
41. B.V. Bureau Wijsmuller v. United States of America, 1976, A.M.C.2514.
42. Derains, Yves; Schwartz, Eric A., A Guide to the New ICC Rules of Arbitration, Kluwer, 1998.
43. Emilia Onyema, International Commercial Arbitration and the Arbitrator,s contract, London and New York: Routledge, 2010 .
44. International Chamber of Commerce, In force as from 1 January 2012, Available at:http://www.iccwbo.org/ICCDRSRules/.
45. Klaus Lionnet, The Arbitrator,s contract, Arbitration International, Vol 15 (2), 1999.
46. Mauro Rubino-Sammartano, International Arbitration Law, Kluwer, Law & Taxation Publishers, Boston, 1989.
47. Mohammad Alimohammadirokni KA. Quantitative Modelling in Marketing and Management: Rose Publication PTY LTD, Melbourne, Australia; 2022. (link)
48. Mustill, Michael; Boyd, Stewart, The Law and Practice of Commercial Arbitration in England, 2nd ed, London: Butterworths Companion, 2001.
49. Netherlands - Arbitration Act, Code of Civil Procedure, 1 December 1986.
50. Redfern A. et al, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, 4 ed., London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2004.
51. Switzerland’s Federal Code on Private International Law (CPIL), 1987.
52. Tetley, Willaim, «Good faith in Contract Particularly in the Contracts of Arbitration and Chartering», Mc Gill university,2004.
53. UNCITERAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985) With amendments as adopted in 2006.
54. Zikai T, Ghazanfari A. An Overview of Economical Corruption in USA and Analysis of its Future. Journal of Humanities Insights. 2018;2(01):149-56. (link)